There is a tendency in the literature on local digital media use and neighborhood outcomes to conceptualize Social Network Sites as mere transmission channels, thereby ignoring SNSs’ dynamics and limiting the understanding of their role in neighborhood life. Informed by Communication Infrastructure Theory and social media literature, we propose and test a model to investigate the association between the use of SNSs, appropriated as online neighborhood networks, and neighborhood sense of community. We administered a survey to Flemish online neighborhood network (...) users and found that active localized SNS use brings about an online sense of community and community awareness, which both independently lead to a neighborhood sense of community. Based on these findings, we argue that SNSs, appropriated as online neighborhood networks, function simultaneously as neighborhood hotspots in a neighborhood’s communication action context as well as community awareness media in a neighborhood’s storytelling network. (shrink)

Este artigo é uma exposição fragmentada de pesquisa realizada no âmbito de doutoramento no PPGArtes/UnB. Mostra-se como uma proposta cênica-pedagógica, sendo um diálogo do corpo com as técnicas e poéticas que se encontram nas expressões de artes do povo que trazem matrizes africanas. Abordar-se-á reflexões sobre os aspectos que envolvem o trabalho do artista cênico no que concerne a sua criação estética. Com isso, pretende-se corroborar com a elaboração de saberes no que concerne ao universo das artes populares na contemporaneidade.

Quantum theory is perhaps our best confirmed theory for a description of the physical properties of nature. On top of demonstrating great empirical effectiveness, many technological developments in the 20th century (such as the interpretation of the periodic table of elements, CD players, holograms, and quantum state teleportation) were only made possible with Quantum theory.Despite its success in the past decades, even today it still remains without a universally accepted interpretation.This book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the question; 'What is (...) Quantum Mechanics talking about?', a question which continues to be one of the most fascinating and important questions in science.Using an interdisciplinary approach to foundational problems in Quantum Mechanics (QM), ranging from philosophical questions about the interpretation of QM to technical problems in quantum computation, this book explores quantum mechanics from different perspectives (physical, logical, philosophical and mathematical), by researchers from Europe, North America, and South America. (shrink)

Here, we review genomic target site selection during retroviral integration as a multistep process in which specific biases are introduced at each level. The first asymmetries are introduced when the virus takes a specific route into the nucleus. Next, by co‐opting distinct host cofactors, the integration machinery is guided to particular chromatin contexts. As the viral integrase captures a local target nucleosome, specific contacts introduce fine‐grained biases in the integration site distribution. In vivo, the established population of proviruses is subject (...) to both positive and negative selection, thereby continuously reshaping the integration site distribution. By affecting stochastic proviral expression as well as the mutagenic potential of the virus, integration site choice may be an inherent part of the evolutionary strategies used by different retroviruses to maximise reproductive success. (shrink)

: Este artigo é o segundo de uma tríade que trata do diálogo, mais precisamente do envolvimento, entre a filosofia de Denis Diderot e o ceticismo. O primeiro artigo, intitulado “O jovem Diderot e o ceticismo dos Pensamentos”, foi publicado na revista Dois Pontos, em sua edição dedicada ao tema do ceticismo (cf. PIVA, 2007), e limitou-se a uma análise minuciosa do problema da postura cética nos Pensamentos filosóficos, de 1746. O presente artigo, por seu turno, examina duas questões fundamentais, (...) desta vez em O passeio do cético ou As alamedas, de 1747, último livro em que o ceticismo é evocado com destaque pelo enciclopedista, dois anos antes de ele render-se definitivamente ao materialismo ateu: 1) a interpretação que Diderot desenvolve do ceticismo e 2) sua posição diante dele. Já o terceiro e derradeiro texto da tríade examinará – evidentemente, numa próxima oportunidade – a presença do ceticismo no pensamento diderotiano da maturidade, ou seja, no período que se inicia em 1749, com a redação da Carta sobre os cegos, quando a questão da dúvida cética passa a perder em suas obras a relevância que tinha na origem de suas reflexões, mudando, até mesmo, de registro. (shrink)

RESUMO No Livro I, parte IV, do "Tratado da natureza humana", Hume desenvolve aquilo que vamos chamar de lógica da ficção. Não se trata de um simples erro da imaginação enquanto fantasia, mas de uma propensão a criar ideias, entidades e objetos a partir das percepções presentes na mente. O que resulta daí é um sentido rico e novo de ficção que permite a Hume desenvolver uma história natural da filosofia, descrevendo a gênese inevitável de conceitos metafísicos. Partindo de uma (...) inspiração kantiana, iremos abordar esse tema ressaltando as semelhanças e diferenças entre as ficções naturais e a ilusão transcendental. ABSTRACT In Book I, part IV, of the "Treatise of Human Nature", Hume develops what we will call logic of fiction. It is not the case of a mere error of imagination as fancy, but a tendency to feign ideas, entities and objects from the perceptions in the mind. The result is a rich and new sense of fiction that allows Hume to establish a natural history of Philosophy, describing the unavoidable genesis of metaphysical concepts. From a Kantian point of view, we will approach this subject by highlighting the similarities as well as the differences between the natural fictions and the transcendental illusion. (shrink)

Para deleite dos religiosos, a história da filosofia oficial − que continua, ao que parece, infectada pelo espírito teológico − consagrou a "aposta de Pascal" como uma das soluções modelares ao problema ético suscitado pela questáo clássica da existência ou náo de Deus. No raciocínio de Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), aquele que aposta na existência do deus judaico-cristáo ganhará a felicidade eterna caso ele efetivamente exista; em contrapartida, uma vez sendo este Deus uma realidade, a aposta na sua inexistência resultará na (...) danaçáo do apostador equivocado. Ocorre que a história da filosofia oficial parece desconhecer a alternativa ateísta que Denis Diderot (1713-1784) propõe a essa questáo das conseqüências da existência ou náo de Deus na vida e na morte dos seres humanos. Lançando máo de uma fábula que permite uma analogia com o tema do ateísmo, em que um ateu, depois de morrer, constata que a alma é de fato imortal, que Deus realmente existe, e que, portanto, náo ter tido fé em vida náo foi uma aposta inteligente, Diderot, no seu Diálogo de um filósofo com a Marechala de... (1774), reflete sobre os desdobramentos para o ateu dessa experiência inesperada. É sobre essa náo-aposta do ateu que trata este artigo. Palavras-chave : Aposta de Pascal, Ateísmo, Deus, Diderot, Virtude. (shrink)

Sentience, defined as the unconscious capacity of having conscious feeling experiences, is a psychobiological phenomenon involving dynamic patterns of electrochemical waves in living systems. The process of feeling can be studied in two ways: a) Empirical identification and analysis of the universal temporal patterns that characterize feeling, forming a science to be called Sentiomics; b) Introspective identification and report of the variety of qualitative conscious experiences, from a first-person perspective, a study that could be called Qualiomics. Qualiomics is undoubtedly a (...) challenge to conventional science, as stated in the “hard problem of consciousness” (Chalmers, 1995), as the first-person perspective is not accessible to conventional scientific measurement methods and explanations. Sentiomics, focusing on dynamic patterns that define the capacity to feel, is therefore susceptible to empirical and experimental treatment. In this article, we propose to contextualize the philosophical assumptions and problems of Sentiomics and present some of its various applications, focusing on its the relation with music. (shrink)

Reflections on Technology for Educational Practitioners describes the main ideas of fourteen philosophers of technology and how these ideas are used or can be used in technology education.

O presente artigo objetiva analisar aplicativos de transporte individual de passageiros sob a luz do princípio da livre iniciativa, bem como o desenvolvimento deste trabalho sob a ótica das leis trabalhistas. A Constituição de 1988 resguarda tanto os direitos sociais do trabalho quanto a livre iniciativa como princípio da ordem econômica. Atualmente a prestação desse serviço é apresentada como uma tecnologia disruptiva. Motoristas dos aplicativos de mobilidade fazem uso da tecnologia fomentando a economia e desenvolvendo o mercado de trabalho em (...) meio à crise. A pesquisa será bibliográfica e o método utilizado será o dedutivo, abordando a teoria.Palavras-chave: Jurídico; Econômico; Tecnologia; Startups; Trabalho. ABSTRACT The present article aims to analyze individual passenger transport applications in the light of the principle of free initiative, as well the development of this work under the perspective of labor laws. The 1988 Constitution preserves both the social rights of labor and free enterprise as the principle of the economic order. Currently the provision of this service is presented as disruptive technology. Drivers of mobility applications make use technology by fostering the economy and developing the job market in the midst of the crisis. The research will be bibliographical and the method used will be the deductive, approaching the theory. Keywords: Legal; Economic; Technology; Startups; Job. (shrink)

Durante a formação, estudantes são constantemente expostos a estressores que, se persistentes, podem ocasionar a Síndrome de Burnout (SB). Considerando a importância dessa demanda, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar diferenças nas dimensões da SB em relação ao ano e turno em estudantes de Ps..

ObjectiveWhile nudges are increasingly utilized in public policy settings, their potential threat to autonomous choice is the topic of heated debate. Regardless of the actual effects of nudges on autonomy, the mere perception of nudges as autonomy threatening by the general public or policy makers could negatively influence nudge acceptability. The present online studies examined how people expect nudges to affect their perception of autonomy.MethodsIn the first study, participants were presented with a hypothetical choice that employed either a default nudge, (...) direct persuasion, or no persuasion, to steer to the desired choice. The presented influence technique was explained before participants reported their expected autonomy, as well as their expected choice satisfaction. Study 2 involved a replication of Study 1 with an additional social norm nudge condition. In Study 3, the explanation of how choice had been influenced was omitted.ResultsWhile participants expected the default nudge to violate autonomy, they had no such expectations for social norm nudges. Omitting the explanation that most people are unaware of nudges influencing their choice, reduced the negative impact of nudges on expected autonomy.ConclusionEffects of nudges on expectations of autonomy differ by type of nudge. Negative expectations are primarily driven by the explanation that decision makers are often unaware of nudges. (shrink)

Com base nas suas obras Sistema da natureza ou das leis do mundo físico e do mundo moral, de 1770, e A moral universal ou os deveres do homem fundamentados na sua natureza, de 1776, o objetivo deste artigo é tratar dos fundamentos teóricos e das consequências práticas da filosofia moral do pensador materialista e ateu e iluminista Barão de Holbach (1723-1789), a qual tem na felicidade a sua finalidade última, na educação e na política os seus meios concretos, e (...) nas leis gerais da matéria, que seriam absolutamente físicas, seu fato primordial e, ao mesmo tempo, o seu principal desafio. (shrink)

The purpose of this essay is to analyze and relate two proposals for illustration made by the European philosophy of the eighteenth century, their singularities and seeking more differences than their commonalities. Both of them were developed in countries with different cultural and political conjunctures and based on the peculiarities of their respective enlightenments. This is the Aufklärung of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), who became famous with the booklet Answer the question: what is "Enlightenment"?, written in 1784, and the Lumières embodied (...) by the speculator Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and mainly expressed in the entry "Philosopher" of the Encyclopedia of 1765. (shrink)

Slavoj Žižek is known for quoting with the same enthusiasm the main names of Western Philosophy and the classics of pop culture, cinema, literature, and music. Therefore, in such rich theoretical framework, it is possible to glimpse a few connections that the philosopher himself has not yet developed in detail. This essay is precisely about of these connections. More specifically, this essay can be seen as an endeavor to think some of Žižek’s writings on music having as a main reference (...) the concept of ontological incompleteness. The philosopher discusses the concept of ontological incompleteness based on several areas, from sciences to movies and literature. Notwithstanding, in this specific case musical examples are left aside. Even though Žižek does not analyse music from the perspective of such concept of ontology, it is possible to argue that Žižek’s writings on music already leave some clues and examples that justify an analysis of that kind. That is the task proposed in this critical essay: to present how an approximation between his thoughts on music and on ontology is pos. (shrink)

In this dissertation we present proof systems for several modal logics. These proof systems are based on analytic (or semantic) tableaux. -/- Modal logics are logics for reasoning about possibility, knowledge, beliefs, preferences, and other modalities. Their semantics are almost always based on Saul Kripke’s possible world semantics. In Kripke semantics, models are represented by relational structures or, equivalently, labeled graphs. Syntactic formulas that express statements about knowledge and other modalities are evaluated in terms of such models. -/- This dissertation (...) focuses on modal logics with dynamic operators for public announcements, belief revision, preference upgrades, and so on. These operators are defined in terms of mathematical operations on Kripke models. Thus, for example, a belief revision operator in the syntax would correspond to a belief revision operation on models. -/- The ‘dynamic’ semantics of dynamic modal logics are a clever way of extending languages without compromising on intuitiveness. We present ‘dynamic’ tableau proof systems for these dynamic semantics, with the express aim to make them conceptually simple, easy to use, modular, and extensible. This we do by reflecting the semantics as closely as possible in the components of our tableau system. For instance, dynamic operations on Kripke models have counterpart dynamic relations between tableaux. -/- Soundness, completeness, and decidability are three of the most important properties that a proof system may have. A proof system is sound if and only if any formula for which a proof exists, is true in every model. A proof system is complete if and only if for any formula that is true in all models, a proof exists. A proof system is decidable if and only if any formula can be proved to be a theorem or not a theorem in a finite number of steps. All proof systems in this dissertation are sound, complete, and decidable. -/- Part of our strategy to create modular tableau systems is to delay concerns over decidability until after soundness and completeness have been established. Decidability is attained through the operations of folding and through operations on ‘tableau cascades’, which are graphs of tableaux. -/- Finally, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation of our dynamic tableau system for public announcement logic in the Clojure programming language. (shrink)

In The Moral Problem Michael Smith presents what he claims is a decisive argument against moral externalism. Smith's claims that (i) moral externalists are committed to explain the connection between moral beliefs and moral motivation in terms of de dicto desires, and (ii) de dicto desires to perform moral acts amounts to moral fetishism. The argument is spelled out and the difference between desires de dicto and desires de re explained. The tenability of the fetishist argument (as it has been (...) named) is then questioned by focusing on the second clause; contrary to what Smith seems to think, it seems a plausible description of a good moral person that she is often motivated by both kinds of desires and, moreover, there are ways of being motivated to perform moral acts solely by de dicto desires that would not amount to moral fetishism. Lastly, two cases are suggested where being motivated by de dicto desires to perform moral acts would be reasonable as well as morally preferable. Internalists then, should also provide room for de dicto desires in moral motivation.The upshot is that the fetishist argument is unconvincing, though no attempt is made to defend moral externalism in general. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Spinoza and the Theory of Organism HANS JONAS I CARTESIANDUALISMlanded speculation on the nature of life in an impasse: intelligible as, on principles of mechanics, the correlation of structure and function became within the res extensa, that of structure-plus-function with feeling or experience (modes of the res cogitans) was lost in the bifurcation, and thereby the fact of life itself became unintelligible at the same time that the (...) explanation of its bodily performance seemed to be assured. The impasse became manifest in Occasionalism : its tour de force of an extraneous, divine "synchronization" of the outer and the inner world (the latter denied to animals) not only suffered from its extreme artificiality, the common failing of such ad hoc constructions, but even at so high a cost failed to accomplish its theoretical purpose by its own terms. For the animal machine, like any machine, raises beyond the question of the "how" that of the "what for" of its functioning---of the purpose for which it had thus been constructed by its maker.1 Its performance, however devoid of immanent teleology, must serve an end, and that end must be someone's end. This end may (directly) be itself, as indeed Descartes had implied when declaring self-preservation to be the effect of the functioning of the organic automaton. In that case the existence as such of the machine would be its end--either terminally, or in turn to benefit something else. In the former case, the machine would have to be more than a machine, for a mere machine cannot enioy its existence. But since, by the rigorous conception of the res extensa, it cannot be more than a machine, its function and/or existence must serve something other than itself. Automata in Descartes ' time were mainly for entertainment (rather than work). But the raison d'etre of the living kingdom could not well be seen in God's indulging his mechanical abilities or in the amusement of celestial spectators--especially since mere complexity of arrangement does not create new quality and thus add something to the unrelieved sameness of the simple substratum that might enrich the spectrum of being. For quality, beyond the primitive determinations of the extended per se, is the subjective creature of sensation, the confused representation of quantity in a mind; and thus organisms cannot harbor it because as mere machines they lack mentality, and pure spirits cannot because they lack sensuality, or the privilege of confusion and thereby of illusion with its possible enjoyment. And as to their intellectual enjoyment, even that, deprived of the thrill of discovery by the same token, would pale in the contemplation of what to sufficiently large The concept of "machine," adopted for its strict confinementto efficientcause, is still a finalisticconcept,even thoughthe final cause is no longer internal to the entity, as a mode of its own operation,but external to it as antecedent design. [43] 44 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY intellects is nothing but the ever-repeated exemplification of the same few, elementary (and ultimately trivial) truths. There remained, then, the time-honored--Stoic as well as Christian--idea that plants and animals are for the benefit of Man. Indeed, since the existence of a living world is the necessary condition for the existence of any of its members, the self-justifying nature of at least one such member (= species) would justify the existence of the whole. In Stoicism, Man provided this end by his possession of reason, which makes him the culmination of a terrestrial scale of being that is also self-justifying throughout all its grades (the end as the best of many that are good in degrees) ; in Christianity, by his possession of an immortal soul, which makes him the sole imago Dei in creation (the end as the sole issue at stake) ; and Cartesian dualism radicalized this latter position by making man even the sole possessor of inwardness or "soul" of any kind, thus the only one of whom "end" can meaningfully be predicated as he alone can entertain ends. All other life then, the product of physical necessity, can be considered his means. However, this traditional idea, in its anthropocentric vanity never a... (shrink)

_Reflections on Technology for Educational Practitioners_ describes the main ideas of fourteen philosophers of technology and how these ideas are used or can be used in technology education.

Das «Neue Handbuch des Philosophie-Unterrichts» nimmt Entwicklungen der Fachdidaktik Philosophie und Ethik der letzten dreißig Jahre auf. Es bietet Einblicke in die Frage der Auswahl und Strukturierung von Inhalten, in verschiedene Unterrichtsthemen, in die didaktisch-methodische Planung und Durchführung des Unterrichts, in Fragen der Leistungsbewertung sowie in traditionelle und neuere philosophiedidaktische Modelle. Die Beiträge enthalten zahlreiche Anregungen zur Vorbereitung, Gestaltung und Reflexion des eigenen Unterrichts. Das Handbuch eignet sich somit als Nachschlagewerk sowohl für angehende als auch für erfahrene Lehrpersonen.

La réécriture des textes régissant la faute civile touche au cœur du système français de la responsabilité civile. L’abandon de la célèbre formule de l’article 1240 (ex-1382) du code civil a laissé place, dans le projet de réforme de 2017, à trois dispositions qui ont pour vocation de moderniser le régime de la responsabilité du fait personnel : reformulation du principe général de responsabilité pour faute, définition de la faute civile, éléments constitutifs de la faute d’une personne morale. À l’analyse, (...) ces textes s’avèrent pourtant décevants. Les rédacteurs du projet n’ont pas saisi l’occasion de clarifier les nombreuses zones d’ombre qui entourent l’application d’une notion, pourtant centrale, du droit de la responsabilité civile. Cette étude a pour ambition d’identifier ces questions laissées sans réponse et de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour une réforme plus ambitieuse de ce régime de responsabilité. (shrink)

The concept of Smart Healthy Age-Friendly Environments (SHAFE) emphasises the comprehensive person-centred experience as essential to promoting living environments. SHAFE takes an interdisciplinary approach, conceptualising complete and multidisciplinary solutions for an inclusive society. From this approach, we promote participation, health, and well-being experiences by finding the best possible combinations of social, physical, and digital solutions in the community. This initiative emerged bottom-up in Europe from the dream and conviction that innovation can improve health equity, foster caring communities, and sustainable development. (...) Smart, adaptable, and inclusive solutions can promote and support independence and autonomy throughout the lifespan, regardless of age, gender, disabilities, cultural differences, and personal choices, as well as promote happier and fairer living places. The New European Bauhaus initiative gathers “beautiful, sustainable, and inclusive projects and ideas” to inspire a positive transformation around us. The New European Bauhaus 2024 Festival took place between 9-13 April. “Designing the perfect New European Bauhaus neighbourhood: New European Bauhaus meets SHAFE” was a Satellite Event of the Festival, held as an online workshop, organised by the SHAFE Foundation on April 9th, 2024. At the event, a group of 50 participants with a multidisciplinary background discussed how to meet the challenges of the European Garcia family to enable them to live in a perfect neighbourhood. The White Paper presents the findings of the participants with the New European Bauhaus inspiring projects and ideas to house the European Garcia family in their neighbourhood. The White Paper recommends developers, designers, planners, and policymakers to include person-centred design of social and physical environments and technologies. Although awareness of person-centred design is growing, many initiatives still hamper the inclusion of citizens or end-users throughout the development of products and services. (shrink)

Iš lotynų kalbos vertė, pratarmę ir paaiškinimus parašė Živilė Pabijutaitė.

Geschichte des Unendlichkeitsproblems im abendländischen Denken bis Kant ist ein unveränderter, hochwertiger Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1896. Hansebooks ist Herausgeber von Literatur zu unterschiedlichen Themengebieten wie Forschung und Wissenschaft, Reisen und Expeditionen, Kochen und Ernährung, Medizin und weiteren Genres. Der Schwerpunkt des Verlages liegt auf dem Erhalt historischer Literatur. Viele Werke historischer Schriftsteller und Wissenschaftler sind heute nur noch als Antiquitäten erhältlich. Hansebooks verlegt diese Bücher neu und trägt damit zum Erhalt selten gewordener Literatur und historischem Wissen auch (...) für die Zukunft bei. (shrink)

Der Begriff des Interesses stellt für den Wirtschaftsliberalismus seit dem 19. Jahrhundert den zentralen Handlungsmodus des zum Homo oeconomicus reduzierten Menschen dar. Er ist ein Schlüsselbegriff des Laissez-faire. In Auseinandersetzung mit Adam Fergusons frühliberalem Verständnis vom Interesse zeigt der Artikel, dass die semantischen Koordinaten des Begriffs am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts, im Vorhof der politischen Ökonomie noch völlig andere waren. Näher erläutert wird dieser Bruch in der Semantik an Fergusons Kritik der Kommerzgesellschaft sowie an Michel Foucaults Lesart der unsichtbaren Hand.For (...) economic liberalism since the 19th century self-interest has signified both the central mode of action of the subject reduced to Homo oeconomicus and the key term in the discourse of Laissez-faire. Focusing on Adam Ferguson’s early liberal understanding of self-interest this article argues that by the end of the 18th century, before the advent of political economy, the meaning of this term differed radically. This break in the semantics of interest will be examined through Ferguson’s critique of the commercial society and Michel Foucault’s reading of the Invisible Hand. (shrink)

o artigo reflete sobre a atualidade da filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard tomando como inspiração as comemorações dos duzentos anos de seu nascimento e considerando, especialmente, o contexto atual de leitura da obra do dinamarquês como posterior ao anúncio da morte de Deus. Como uma perspectiva de leitura para a filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard abordarei a interpretação de Gianni Vattimo para o anúncio da morte de Deus. Em seguida analisarei alguns aspectos do conceito de histórico como desenvolvido pelo pseudônimo (...) Johannes Climacus no Interlúdio de Migalhas filosóficas e argumentarei que Kierkegaard pensa o Cristianismo de modo não-metafísico, o que aparece, também, em alguns aspectos da forma de sua escrita. Por fim, argumentarei que a kénōsis tanto dá unidade à filosofia da religião de Kierkegaard quanto fornece elementos para pensar sua atualidade. (shrink)

This handbook presents a comprehensive introduction to the core areas of philosophy of education combined with an up-to-date selection of the central themes. It includes 95 newly commissioned articles that focus on and advance key arguments; each essay incorporates essential background material serving to clarify the history and logic of the relevant topic, examining the status quo of the discipline with respect to the topic, and discussing the possible futures of the field. The book provides a state-of-the-art overview of philosophy (...) of education, covering a range of topics: Voices from the present and the past deals with 36 major figures that philosophers of education rely on; Schools of thought addresses 14 stances including Eastern, Indigenous, and African philosophies of education as well as religiously inspired philosophies of education such as Jewish and Islamic; Revisiting enduring educational debates scrutinizes 25 issues heavily debated in the past and the present, for example care and justice, democracy, and the curriculum; New areas and developments addresses 17 emerging issues that have garnered considerable attention like neuroscience, videogames, and radicalization. The collection is relevant for lecturers teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in philosophy of education as well as for colleagues in teacher training. Moreover, it helps junior researchers in philosophy of education to situate the problems they are addressing within the wider field of philosophy of education and offers a valuable update for experienced scholars dealing with issues in the sub-discipline. Combined with different conceptions of the purpose of philosophy, it discusses various aspects, using diverse perspectives to do so. Contributing Editors: Section 1: Voices from the Present and the Past: Nuraan Davids Section 2: Schools of Thought: Christiane Thompson and Joris Vlieghe Section 3: Revisiting Enduring Debates: Ann Chinnery, Naomi Hodgson, and Viktor Johansson Section 4: New Areas and Developments: Kai Horsthemke, Dirk Willem Postma, and Claudia Ruitenberg. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta o mapeamento das possibilidades de pesquisa no âmbito da Ciência da Informação (CI) que tratam sobre o conceito de Privacy by Design (PbD). Se busca responder como a CI e os usos da teoria do PbD podem influenciar no alcance de maior privacidade aos usuários de sistemas de informação desde a concepção de produtos científicos até a pesquisa aplicada. Para responder esta pergunta, foram analisados 202 artigos, que balizaram a composição do mapa de possibilidades de pesquisa. O (...) mapeamento abrange temas como o controle e o acesso aos dados, privacidade como um bem social e a visão de que a privacidade toma forma de acordo com as tecnologias. Foram problematizados os aspectos éticos da privacidade no ambiente tecnológico e contextualizada a presença do conceito de PbD nas legislações de proteção de dados. Conclui-se que este estudo contribui ao reunir proposições para o ponto de partida na busca por pesquisas científicas transdisciplinares em CI e privacidade, que os profissionais de CI podem estar envolvidos na observância da privacidade em todas as camadas de negócio no desenvolvimento de sistemas, e que a área pode contribuir com os debates relacionados ao PbD em razão da privacidade ser bem social fundamental. (shrink)

Alguns filósofos materialistas pensam, contra o dualismo de substância, que uma mente incorporada é apenas uma mente que depende de um corpo para existir, isto é, que a mente náo existe independentemente de um corpo. Tomarei como representativas deste ponto de vista muito limitado sobre incorporaçáo as idéias de Lynne Baker e sua Teoria da Constituiçáo de Propriedades. Baker diz que prefere enfrentar o problema da relaçáo pessoa e corpo em vez da relaçáo mente e corpo porque esta última formulaçáo (...) implica a idéia de uma mente distinta e separada do corpo enquanto que a primeira está mais de acordo com sua concepçáo de uma mente incorporada e situada. O problema é que Baker esquece isso quando define pessoa em termos de perspectiva de primeira pessoa ou autoconsciência. Embora Baker diga que a autoconsciência depende de condições estruturais – um corpo – e ambientais – a situaçáo -, o que torna a pessoa humana autoconsciente uma entidade ontologicamente distinta do corpo que a constitui e de outros animais sáo suas realizações tais como arte, filosofia, ciência, moral, etc. Parece que, para Baker, a autoconsciência é náo apenas uma condiçáo necessária mas também uma condiçáo suficiente para aquelas realizações humanas, enquanto que o corpo desempenha apenas um papel indireto. Contra tais idéias nós podemos perguntar: as grandes realizações que distinguem pessoas humanas de outros animais seriam possíveis independentemente da constituiçáo biológica de nosso corpo e de suas necessidades? (shrink)